The Power of the People and Stopping Authoritarianism Together: Lessons from South Korea
By Thandiwe Ketis Ngoma
In times of political crisis, the resilience of democracy is tested by the courage and unity of its people. South Korea provides a compelling example of how citizens and parliamentarians can confront authoritarianism together, ensuring that no leader rises above the rule of law. The recent resistance to South Korea’s President Yoon Suk Yeol’s alleged declaration of martial law underscores the profound strength of collective action in preserving democracy.
Zambia, too, stands at a crossroads. As concerns mount over President Hakainde Hichilema’s governance and the controversial Cyber Security and Cyber Crimes Bill, the South Korean experience serves as an urgent reminder: democracy is not a gift bestowed by the powerful—it is a right earned and safeguarded by the people.
South Korea: A Bold Stand Against Martial Law
When President Yoon Suk Yeol’s government faced national and international condemnation for proposing martial law as a response to political unrest, South Korea’s democratic institutions and people rose in defiance.
This authoritarian move—seen as an attempt to suppress dissent and consolidate power—was swiftly condemned by members of parliament from across the political spectrum. Citizens, meanwhile, took to the streets in massive, peaceful protests that demonstrated their unwavering commitment to democratic values.
The combination of public outcry and parliamentary opposition forced a political retreat, proving that unity between citizens and their elected representatives can overcome even the most autocratic ambitions.
Lessons for Zambia
Zambia’s democracy is being tested. Once celebrated for his commitment to reform and transparency, President Hakainde Hichilema now faces increasing criticism for authoritarian tendencies, including the suppression of dissent, the persecution of political opponents, and a lack of transparency.
His government wants to enact the Cyber Security and Cyber Crimes Bill. This proposed legislation, in particular, has sparked alarm for its potential to infringe on citizens’ rights by enabling mass surveillance, restricting freedom of expression, and stifling dissent. If left unchallenged, this bill could mark a dangerous slide toward authoritarianism.
Ironically, President Hichilema, when in opposition, openly criticized this same law. He declared it a “bad law” and promised that repealing it would be one of his first acts upon becoming president. Yet, fast forward to his presidency, not only has he failed to repeal the law, but his administration appears determined to strengthen it.
The question that begs an answer is: Why?
Why would a leader who once decried this legislation now champion it? Is this a case of political expediency, a consolidation of power, or a divergence from his earlier principles?
1. Parliament Must Be a Guardian of Democracy
In South Korea, parliamentarians stood as the first line of defense against President Yoon’s unconstitutional declaration of martial law. Their immediate and unified opposition underscored the role of a strong legislature in countering executive overreach.
Zambia’s Members of Parliament must likewise rise to their constitutional duty and reject any legislation that infringes on citizens’ rights. The Cyber Security and Cyber Crimes Bill must be scrutinized to ensure it cannot be weaponized for political suppression or mass surveillance.
Critical questions must be asked:
Does the bill safeguard or threaten the fundamental freedoms enshrined in Zambia’s Constitution?
Could it be misused to silence critics, journalists, and opposition voices?
MPs have a moral and constitutional obligation to act as the people’s voice, resisting any legislation that threatens democracy.
2. The People Have Unmatched Power
South Korea’s citizens demonstrated the undeniable power of peaceful resistance. They did not wait for salvation from above—they organized, protested, and demanded accountability.
Zambians must recognize their own power to shape the nation’s future. Silence in the face of authoritarianism is complicity. Peaceful protests, civic education campaigns, and public forums are tools that Zambians can use to pressure leaders to respect democratic principles.
If the Cyber Security and Cyber Crimes Bill is not challenged, it could embolden those in power to suppress dissent and limit freedoms even further. The people’s voice must be loud, unified, and unwavering.
3. Unity is Strength
South Korea’s victory over authoritarianism was driven by the collective action of citizens from all walks of life. Their unity transcended political, social, and economic divides.
Zambia must reject the forces of tribalism, regionalism, and partisanship, which often serve to weaken collective action. A divided nation is easily subdued. Instead, Zambians must unite around shared values: freedom, justice, and accountability.
The fight against the Cyber Security and Cyber Crimes Bill is not about political affiliations or personal agendas—it is about safeguarding Zambia’s democracy for future generations.
4. Democratic Institutions Must Be Protected
South Korea’s independent judiciary and robust civil society were instrumental in resisting authoritarianism. In Zambia, these same institutions must be shielded from political interference.
The Cyber Security and Cyber Crimes Bill could undermine the independence of Zambia’s judiciary, media, and civil society by granting excessive surveillance powers to the executive. Zambians must demand transparency and accountability, ensuring that laws strengthen institutions rather than weaken them.
A free press, an independent judiciary, and an active civil society are the pillars of democracy. Their protection is non-negotiable.
5. Persistent Resistance is Key
South Korea’s victory did not come overnight. It was the result of sustained pressure from citizens and parliamentarians. Zambia must embrace the same spirit of persistence.
Resisting authoritarianism is not a single event—it is an ongoing struggle. Zambians must remain vigilant, holding leaders accountable at every turn and refusing to accept half-measures or empty promises.
Zambia Must Reject the Cyber Security and Cyber Crimes Bill
The Cyber Security and Cyber Crimes Bill represents a grave threat to Zambia’s democracy. While its stated purpose is to combat cybercrime, its provisions risk enabling:
Mass Surveillance: Invading citizens’ privacy under the guise of security.
Suppression of Free Speech: Silencing critics and stifling dissent.
Political Targeting: Allowing the government to monitor and suppress opposition voices.
If passed without critical amendments, this bill could turn Zambia into a surveillance state where freedom of expression and assembly are systematically undermined.
Conclusion
South Korea’s fight against martial law is a powerful reminder that democracy thrives when the people refuse to remain silent. Zambia is at a pivotal moment, and the Cyber Security and Cyber Crimes Bill is a direct challenge to its democratic principles.
Zambians must follow South Korea’s example: stand united, speak boldly, and act decisively. By resisting oppressive legislation, safeguarding institutions, and holding leaders accountable, the people of Zambia can ensure that their democracy remains a beacon of hope and freedom.
The power to protect democracy lies in the hands of the people. It is time to rise, resist, and reclaim Zambia’s democratic promise.
Let us say: No to mass surveillance. No to repression. Yes to freedom, justice, and democracy!